The contribution of Cyanobacteria in plants

Chloroplast is a small, green part found inside plant cells is actually a Cyanobacterium living within the plant’s that helps plants make their own food by using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide in a process called photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which captures sunlight and turns it into energy for the plant.

Cyanobacteria contribute to plants in several important ways

1. Nitrogen Fixation
Some cyanobacteria (e.g., species like *Anabaena* and *Nostoc*) can convert atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia, making it accessible to plants.
In rice paddies and wetlands, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria naturally enrich the soil, boosting plant growth.
Certain cyanobacteria live in symbiosis with plants such as the water fern “Azolla”. In this relationship, cyanobacteria fix nitrogen for the fern, and the fern provides shelter and nutrients to cyanobacteria.

2. Soil Fertility Improvement
Cyanobacteria colonize soils, forming biological soil crusts. These crusts help stabilize soil, prevent erosion, retain moisture, and add organic matter, enhancing conditions for plant growth.

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